On 17 December 2025, “as part of the ongoing review of its procedures and working methods”, the International Court of Justice (‘ICJ’ or ‘Court’) amended article 78 of the Rules of Court to make available to the public reports provided by the parties concerning compliance with provisional measures (‘provisional measures reports’ or ‘reports’). Article…

Introduction When the identity of a state’s government is contested or otherwise in doubt, who may represent the state for some specific purpose of international law is not-infrequently a contentious matter. While the question who may represent a state before or vis-à-vis an international adjudicative body does not arise often, there exists a number of…