As the historical judgement is made, the ECtHR must ensure meaningful consideration of individual applications connected to Russia's war against Ukraine. On July 9, 2025, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a historic judgment in four inter-state applications, holding Russia accountable for widespread and flagrant human rights violations in the context of the…

Three years after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the widespread activation of universal and other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction to prosecute international crimes committed in the war calls for an evaluation. What has been achieved so far and what could be done better? Despite the stated commitment of Ukraine’s allies to complement the justice efforts in…