International Criminal Law

Russia does not forcibly relocate its civilians into the occupied territories of Ukraine. Instead, it relies on an array of incentives, including preferential mortgages, employment programmes and tax benefits to increase the attractiveness of relocation. This gives rise to a question under the law of occupation: when does voluntary settlement of the Occupying Power's civilian population amount to…

Introduction On 9 June 2026, Pre-Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court issued a decision in response to a request by a State for consultations under Article 97 of the Rome Statute. Article 97 provides an avenue for State Parties to consult the Court where it ‘identifies problems which may impede or prevent…

“…I understood that I had collided with the edge of the political universe in which the Tribunal was allowed to function” (Carla Del Ponte, Madame Prosecutor: Confrontations with Humanity’s Worst Criminals and the Culture of Impunity (2009), p. 60) The process culminating in the 24 July 2026 decision by the ICC…

On 12 July 2026, the Anti-Terrorism and Crimes Against the State Court in Port Sudan sentenced General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (‘Hemedti’), commander of Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and fifteen others to death in absentia (See also here and here). The convictions relate to the killing of West Darfur Governor Khamis Abdallah Abakar in…