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Rethinking the Hormuz Toll Debate: Can Coastal States Monetize Maritime Security?

“Some reconcilement of remotest mind, Leaves [H]ormuz rubyless, and Ophir chill.” Hart Crane (1899–1932) With the United States waging an illegal war against Iran to reshape the architecture of the Middle East, the architecture of the Hormuz Strait may now be reshaped, moving toward its own “Malacca Moment”: a shift toward cooperative arrangements between strait and user states to finance safe navigation. From the medieval customs collected by the rulers of Hormuz to the Portuguese cartaz system after 1515, successive powers sought to regulate maritime traffic through mechanisms that combined commercial, strategic, and security objectives. Yet, as Iran’s MFA spokesman recently put it, the Strait of Hormuz remained open “from the time of Adam” up until the US/Israeli aggression in February 2026.

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Two Weeks in Review: 13—24 July 2026

The last fortnight has seen commentators focus primarily on conflict, climate, and immigration. A mini-symposium has ranged over a number of legal questions raised by a potential Russia-Ukraine peace treaty: from  VCLT rules on treaty validity and security guarantees, to free economic zones and the question of the reconstruction of Ukraine through seized assets of the Russian Central…

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At Peace, Yet Under Fire – Blockade Enforcement against Third State Vessels and the U.N Charter

From April 13 to June 18, the U.S.A implemented a blockade against Iran. As part of the blockade enforcement, on June 9th, it attacked the Palau-flagged oil tanker M/T Settebello 20 miles north-east of Sohar in Oman’s Exclusive Economic Zone, resulting in the deaths of three Indian sailors onboard – the first direct deaths…

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Christopher Nolan and International Law

Sand Tomorrow, Christopher Nolan’s The Odyssey will come clattering into cinemas around the world. There will no doubt be talk of plotlines, performances, accents, and fidelity to the source text—perhaps even some mentions of the curious absence of Greek actors. There is less likely to be talk about sand. But the…

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War Crimes without a War Crimes Statute? The Shajareh Tayyebeh Minab School Attack and the Possibility of Domestic Prosecution of Serious Violations of IHL in Iranian Courts

Introduction The initiation of criminal complaints concerning the attack by the US armed forces on the Shajareh Tayyebeh primary school in Minab has brought a doctrinal issue of direct practical relevance before Iranian prosecutorial authorities. The complaints filed by victims’ families transform what would otherwise remain an abstract question of international humanitarian law (IHL)…

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