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Two nodes of interaction between AI and the obligation to respect state sovereignty

Artificial intelligence (AI) is interacting in ever more complex ways with the sovereignty of states. On the one hand, AI technologies are beginning to underpin key sectors and services, including national security, the economy, healthcare. Consequently – and unsurprisingly – states are seeking to protect AI capabilities and the data infrastructure they rely on. The UK, for instance, designated data centres as critical national infrastructure in 2024 and is planning to designate them as essential services. Such designations play an important role in domestic law – imposing, among others, obligations of risk mitigation and notification on operators of designated infrastructure. These designations may also play a role under international law. Considering AI tools and infrastructure as critical infrastructure or an essential service may affect the application of obligations deriving from state sovereignty.

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How the war in Ukraine impacts the law and politics of security guarantees

The paradoxical revival of security guarantees Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has revived the concept of security guarantees. Their content and scope have been central to scholarly and political debates about Kyiv’s resistance to the Russian aggression (see here and here). Yet, this revival highlights a…

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A peace treaty for Ukraine: Mini-symposium on international legal issues

In the four years since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the prospects of a negotiated peace settlement have waxed but mostly waned. But the possibility of an agreement has been an ongoing focus for international lawyers. This is primarily because Russia has demanded territorial concessions from Ukraine that appear at odds with…

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From “Blinking Red” to AMIA: An Emerging Standard of Intelligence Failure Under the Right to Life

On 1 September 2004, more than a thousand people were taken hostage in School No. 1 in Beslán, North Ossetia. Three days later, at least 334 of them — including 186 children — were dead. On 18 July 1994, a vehicle laden with explosives detonated in front of the headquarters of the AMIA — the Asociación Mutual…

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The Court That Built the Advisory Opinion It Refused to Complete: OC-30/25 on Arms Trafficking, Corporate Immunity, and the Reach of Advisory Jurisdiction

Mexico’s effort to hold the gun industry to account has now encountered an institutional setback in San José. Its request for an advisory opinion raised six questions before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). This post examines, against a more expansive account of OC-30/25 offered here, whether laws granting public or private arms-industry companies…

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