Palestine

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Removing Palestinians from Gaza is not a plan; it is a crime against humanity

May 19, 2025

The relocation of Palestinians from Gaza is regularly raised by Israel in the wake of the outlandish Trump’s Riviera Plan. The US President proposed in February 2025 a dystopian project to resettle Palestinians in neighboring countries and transform the enclave into a luxurious coastal resort. A month  later, Israel's Security Cabinet established a new agency within the Defense Ministry to “enable safe and controlled passage of Gaza residents for their voluntary departure to third countries.” This prompted the condemnation of many countries and a warning from the UN secretary general, António Guterres, that “it is essential to avoid any form of ethnic cleansing.” While being politically appealing, the reference to ethnic cleansing may raise more questions than answers from a legal angle, given the controversies surrounding this term. A more straightforward normative frame lies in the prohibition of forcible transfer under international humanitarian law (IHL), as grounded in customary law and reaffirmed in the universally ratified Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949.

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Gaza and the Collective Political Costs of Algorithmic Warfare

March 25, 2025

Since Israel started its military campaigns against Gaza, Lebanon, and the West Bank after the terrorist attacks of October 7, 2023, both academia and the media have intensely debated the Israel Defence Force's (IDF) use of so-called artificial intelligence-enabled decision-support systems (AI-DSS) for its combat operations. Controversies have mainly revolved around the staggering number of deaths…

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Territorial Annexation of Palestine: Illegality, Third States Obligations and the ICJ’s 2024 Advisory Opinion

February 28, 2025

In the last few years, despite such prohibition, Israeli officials have announced their plans and intention to annex the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) in whole or part. In a recent statement, on 11 November 2024, Israel’s Finance Minister Smotrich announced a plan to impose Israel’s sovereignty to and annex the occupied West Bank in 2025. He also confirmed…

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Is the detention by an occupying power of fighters in a NIAC governed by GC IV?

November 29, 2024

Since the outbreak of the hostilities on 7 October 2023, Israel has detained thousands of Palestinians from Gaza. 1,627 are being held by the Israel Prison Service (IPS) as of 6 November 2024, according to information obtained by HaMoked, while thousands more are estimated to be detained by the Israeli military.

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Whose Legal Duty to Aid?

November 12, 2024

On 4 November, Israel officially informed the United Nations of its decision to cut ties with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) following the passage of two bills opposing UNRWA’s activities on Israeli territory. The new laws also designate UNRWA as a terrorist organisation and strip its staff of legal…

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