Treaty Negotiations

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The Most Important Negotiation You’ve (Probably) Never Heard Of

Next week, states will convene in Busan, South Korea, for the fifth – and in theory final – session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. The INC was established by the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) in March 2022 and has been meeting for the last two years, hopscotching around the world from Punta del Esta, Uruguay, to Paris to Nairobi to Ottawa, and now to Busan. The meeting next week is supposed to finalize the treaty text, for adoption at a diplomatic conference in spring 2025. With the world’s eyes trained on the climate crisis, the plastics negotiations have largely flown under the radar. In contrast to climate change, which regularly gets ministerial if not head-of-state consideration, the plastics agreement is being negotiated by mid-level officials and garners only modest media attention. But the comparative lack of attention to the plastics negotiations belies the importance of the issue. More than 400 million…

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What to Hope For? Redistribution in the Climate Crisis

The struggle against climate change is, fundamentally, also a struggle for justice. For one, climate law has been a focal point for articulating redistributive demands — ranging from calls for additional climate financing via demands for technology transfer, all the way to reparations and what is called ‘loss and damage’. For another, the objective of limiting global warming…

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The 77th World Health Assembly: Modest Amendments to the IHR-2005… More Expectations of the WHO’s ‘Pandemic Treaty’?

The Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly (‘WHA-77’) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, on 27 May – 1 June 2024. The theme of WHA-77 has been ‘All for Health, Health for All’, with two main hot topics on the agenda: (1) the revision of the International Health Regulations (IHR) from their 2005 version, based on more than…

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Should Ecocide be an International Crime? It’s Time for States to Decide

It’s not like international criminal justice has had an easy summer. Now it has a new bone to chew on – and it’s a particularly meaty one. On Monday, 9 September 2024, Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa jointly submitted a proposal to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to the UN Secretary-General…

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Entry into Force of the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement: Challenges and Prospects

On July 8, 2024, South Sudan announced that its Transitional National Legislative Assembly (TNLA) unanimously ratified the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA). (See here) This development follows ratifications by five Nile Basin States — Ethiopia, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi— paving the way for the CFA to come into force sixty…

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