Treaty Negotiations

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Characterizing Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems: Consensus Without Agreement?

On 4 September 2026, the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems adopted the report of its sessions from 2024 to 2026 (CCW/GGE.1/2026/3). The report represents a significant diplomatic breakthrough: it formulates, by consensus, ‘a set of elements of an instrument’ to address the normative and operational aspects of lethal autonomous weapon systems.

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Two Weeks in Review: 13—24 July 2026

The last fortnight has seen commentators focus primarily on conflict, climate, and immigration. A mini-symposium has ranged over a number of legal questions raised by a potential Russia-Ukraine peace treaty: from  VCLT rules on treaty validity and security guarantees, to free economic zones and the question of the reconstruction of Ukraine through seized assets of the Russian Central…

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Red lines in a grey zone: the validity of a Russia-Ukraine peace treaty under international law

While peace still appears remote, the prospect of a negotiated end to the war in Ukraine raises difficult questions concerning the international law governing inter-state peace treaties. The unlawfulness of Russia’s use of force and the peace plans proposed to date point to issues of validity, particularly under Articles 46, 52 and 53 of the Vienna Convention…

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A peace treaty for Ukraine: Mini-symposium on international legal issues

In the four years since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the prospects of a negotiated peace settlement have waxed but mostly waned. But the possibility of an agreement has been an ongoing focus for international lawyers. This is primarily because Russia has demanded territorial concessions from Ukraine that appear at odds with…

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The Award in Rwanda versus the United Kingdom: The PCA’s Interpretation of VCLT, Article 13

The PCA’s Award in the arbitration between Rwanda and the United Kingdom, decided on May 15, 2026, was released on June 1, 20226. The arbitration related to the decision by the incoming Labour Government to cancel the Agreement between the United Kingdom and Rwanda (formally the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the…

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