Peace Keeping

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How the war in Ukraine impacts the law and politics of security guarantees

July 15, 2026

The paradoxical revival of security guarantees Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has revived the concept of security guarantees. Their content and scope have been central to scholarly and political debates about Kyiv’s resistance to the Russian aggression (see here and here). Yet, this revival highlights a paradox: if existing arrangements had been effective, there would be no need for new ones. The 1994 Budapest Memorandum—signed by Ukraine, Russia, the UK, and the USA when Kyiv joined the Non-Proliferation Treaty, and registered as an international instrument with the UN in 2014—has proven toothless. Russia has violated its commitment to refrain from threatening or using force against Ukraine’s territorial integrity or political independence, and attempts by the other signatories to activate the UN Security Council to assist Ukraine have come to nothing—not least due to Russia’s veto. As States attempt to design new security guarantees for Ukraine and adapt Europe’s security architecture to new geopolitical realities, this paradox persists, raising…

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Legal Experimentation in International Institutional Law? From the Spanish Civil War and the ‘London Committee’ to Gaza and the ‘Board of Peace’

July 10, 2026

Much has been said on Trump’s ‘Board of Peace’ (the Board) and much remains to be seen. While the identity of the Board as an international organisation has been discussed (here), other contributions have focused on the corporate dimension of the organisation (here, here and here) or…

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The Dismantling of UN Peace Operations under the Trump Administration

February 10, 2026

Those who had hoped for a more auspicious start to the new year for multilateralism were quickly disillusioned by recent developments concerning Venezuela, Greenland and beyond. Simultaneously, the United States (US) President contended that he ‘doesn’t need international law’ but is guided instead by his ‘own morality’.

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Countering the Coup in Benin: A jus ad bellum perspective

December 17, 2025

On 7 December in Benin, a small group of soldiers attempted a coup d’État. Early in the morning, after gunfire was heard around the presidency, eight armed soldiers appeared on national television, presenting themselves as the Comité militaire pour la refondation (CMR). They announced that they had deposed President Patrice Talon and proclaimed Lieutenant-Colonel Pascal Tigri as…

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Thirty years from Dayton: Has the Bosnian Constitution found its legitimacy?

December 10, 2025

This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Known as the Dayton Constitution, after the city in Ohio where the final rounds of peace negotiations involving representatives from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Serbia, and Croatia took place, the Constitution was annexed to the Dayton Peace Accords (DPA) negotiated in that city and signed…

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