Nuclear Weapons

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The Exacerbation of Longstanding Structural Tensions: The 11th NPT Review Conference Closes without an Outcome Document

From April 27 to 22 May 2026, the 11th Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was held in New York amid a climate of considerable tension. In a context marked by the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine, the U.S.-Israeli war against Iran, concerns about a possible nuclear arms race between the United States, China and Russia, as well as growing frictions over nuclear sharing arrangements, dissatisfaction over the lack of progress on nuclear disarmament, and persistent non-proliferation concerns, the states parties were deeply divided and the debates around key issues highly polarised. For the third time in a row, following the inability of the 2015 and 2022 Review Conferences to reach consensus, the 2026 Conference closed without any outcome document.

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Two(ish) Weeks in Review: 6 April—1 May 2026

In a slightly extended version of Two Weeks in Review, we take in fundamental questions about what happens when law and lawyers seek or refuse to justify illegal actions, “relocation orders” issued by Israel in Gaza and Lebanon, the closing of the Strait of Hormuz, Australian soldiers and Belgian consular officials in domestic courts for international crimes, the…

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To share or not to share: the compatibility of NATO’s nuclear sharing arrangements with the Non-Proliferation Treaty

Nuclear sharing at the NPT RevCon On 27 April 2026, States will gather in New York for the start of the Eleventh Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The ‘RevCon’ comes at a particularly turbulent moment in time, marked by nuclear saber-rattling by Russia in the context of its war of aggression against Ukraine, a…

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The Illegal Israeli-American Use of Force Against Iran: A Follow-Up

Yesterday, the United States joined Israel in its use of force against Iran by conducting a precision bombing operation targeting Iranian nuclear sites. Like Israel’s use of force before it, this use of force by the United States is, in my view, quite clearly illegal – a breach of the prohibition on the use of force…

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EJIL:The Podcast! Episode 18 – “Be Careful What You Ask For”

In this episode Dapo Akande, Marko Milanovic and Philippa Webb are joined by Philippe Sands (University College London and 11KBW) and Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh (University of Amsterdam and University of the South Pacific). The focus is on the advisory function of international courts and tribunals. In December 2022, the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International…

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