International Organizations

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The Rise and Second Demise of the Central American Court of Justice

In May 2026, the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ) quietly ceased operations following Honduras' withdrawal—a development that attracted little attention despite marking the end of one of the world's earliest permanent international courts. Although the CACJ never succeeded in consolidating itself, this post aims to draw attention to this overlooked event by exploring the institutional design, the challenges that hindered its development, and the regional political context that contributed to its failure as a regional court in Central America.

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From Specificity to Institutional Reliability: J.B. v. Greece and Diplomatic Assurances

On 26 May 2026, the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) delivered its judgment in J.B. v. Greece (no. 54796/16). The case concerns the potential removal of a Syrian national from Greece to Türkiye under the EU-Türkiye Statement of 18 March 2016, following the rejection of his asylum claim on safe third country grounds. The…

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The ICJ’s Unwritten Rulebook: Regional Succession and Institutional Equilibrium

For almost eighty years, United Nations Member States have behaved as if a mandate required them to maintain regional continuity in elections to the International Court of Justice. Yet, the Court's Statute contains no such rule. Article 9 requires only that the Court, taken as a whole, represent “the principal legal systems and civilizations of the world”;…

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The ICC, Arrest Warrants, and Peace Negotiations

Introduction On 9 June 2026, Pre-Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court issued a decision in response to a request by a State for consultations under Article 97 of the Rome Statute. Article 97 provides an avenue for State Parties to consult the Court where it ‘identifies problems which may impede or prevent…

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Must States Control Their Borders? The Ceuta Crisis and International Law

Ceuta, a Spanish city on the North African coast with a population of approximately 80,000, experienced an unprecedented mass influx of people during the last week of July. Around 70,000 people, mostly Moroccan nationals but also persons from other countries, entered the territory irregularly. Although the precise causes remain uncertain, the immediate trigger appears to…

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