Right To Privacy/Family Life

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Beyond Strasbourg: The Chișinău Declaration in Europe’s Multi-Level Human Rights Architecture

Political declarations are not new to the system established through the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Chișinău Declaration, recently adopted by the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers, nevertheless differs from earlier declarations that primarily addressed institutional questions, subsidiarity and the relationship between Strasbourg and domestic authorities. It engages directly with substantive questions under Articles 3 and 8 ECHR in the sensitive field of migration, articulating expectations concerning Convention obligations and flagging doctrinal questions, such as the scope for the expulsion of certain groups of migrants. These substantive dimensions have understandably attracted considerable scholarly attention and prompted concern and criticism. The Chișinău Declaration’s novelty extends beyond these substantive dimensions, though. For the first time, a political declaration expressly addresses domestic courts alongside the ECtHR. This move matters. Domestic courts occupy a central position within the Convention system. Yet they also form part of a broader interpretative environment in which Convention rights are interpreted and applied by judicial and quasi-judicial actors operating within and beyond that system.

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Sovereign Darkness: Iran’s Internet Blackout and the Four-Body Problem of International Law

By 21 April 2026, Iran’s internet blackout had entered its fifty-third consecutive day, the longest nationwide internet disruption ever recorded (NetBlocks; IODA Iran shutdown report). Connectivity remained at approximately one per cent of pre-war levels. The shutdown was costing the economy an estimated $35–40 million per day in direct losses, rising to $70–80 million when indirect…

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Forced Sterilisation before the Inter-American Court: Between Progress and Silence in Ramos Durand v. Peru

On 5 March, the Inter-American Court on Human Rights (IACtHR) notified its long-awaited judgment in Celia Edith Ramos Durand v. Peru. The case concerns the forced sterilisation of Celia Edith Ramos Durand and stands for thousands of predominantly Indigenous women who were sterilised under coercive conditions in Peru in the late 1990s. It is only the second…

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The Erosion of Women’s Rights and the ECtHR’s Judgment in A.R. v. Poland

Reproductive rights have become an increasingly central dimension of the contemporary human rights landscape, shaping the evolution of both general human rights doctrine and the specific trajectory of women’s rights. They function not only as indicators of progressive legal development but also as sensitive barometers of broader political shifts. Across the world, resurgent right-wing movements have sought to…

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A Human Right to Informational Self-determination: What it is and why it matters for Digital Human Rights

On 9 October 2025, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (‘Inter-American Commission’) published a thematic report titled “The Impact of Digital Surveillance on Freedom of Expression in the Americas”. Among other things, the report called on member states to give effect to a new human right - the “right to informational self-determination”. The report comes…

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