The law on decolonization has two primary objectives: transfer power from colonizer to people in accordance with their will and protect the people until that happens. On 21 March 2024, Advocate General Ćapeta delivered three linked opinions at the European Court of Justice that seriously undermine these objectives. The cases concern EU trade agreements with Morocco purporting to…

On October 3 2025, the EU and Morocco concluded an amendment ('the amendment') to the EU-Mediterranean Agreement (‘the association agreement’). With the approval of the Council it is already being applied provisionally pending entry into force. Its purpose is to enable the continued granting of tariff preferences to products originating in occupied Western Sahara. This…

It is a sign of the times—or at least how we think of the times—that nearly all the posts of the last fortnight concern armed conflict. As the Iran war rumbles into its fifth week with no end in sight, the wars in the Middle East and Ukraine continue to ask difficult questions of what international law is…