As international lawyers debate the resilience of international law in the face of its most serious breaches, including aggression and mass atrocities against civilians, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has released its Updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention under the overarching title Protecting Civilians in Good Faith (the “2025 Commentary”). Grounded in a…

In mid-November, the International Court of Justice issued two Orders for provisional measures based on claims under human rights treaties. On 16 November 2023, it issued an Order in the case of Canada and the Netherlands v. the Syrian Arab Republic, concerning the application of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or…