On 23 July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its long-awaited Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change (for an overview of the opinion, see here). The ICJ identified the erga omnes character of specific obligations pertaining to the protection of the climate for the first time, and its…

Amongst the many legal issues arising from the ICJ advisory proceedings in Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, the erga omnes nature of the obligations involved has a particular significance. This nature comprises not only strictly environmental obligations, but also human rights obligations related to climate change. The issue presents a singular opportunity to…

On 29 December 2023, South Africa instituted proceedings against Israel before the ICJ concerning alleged violations by Israel of its obligations under the Genocide Convention in relation to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and requested the ICJ to indicate provisional measures. According to the Application, Israel, since 7 October 2023 in particular, has failed to…