On 31 October 2025, the Security Council voted in favour of Resolution 2797 extending the mandate of the long-standing UN mission to Western Sahara, but this time referenced Morocco’s 2007 Autonomy Proposal - which envisions the territory as self-governing under Moroccan sovereignty - as a basis for negotiations and the final status of Western Sahara. Although the…

Recurring breaches and non-enforcement of international law have persisted since the adoption of the UN Charter and the establishment of the post-World War II (WWII) legal order, which remains in place today. Scholars have repeatedly issued death certificates to Article 2.4 of the UN Charter and have raised fundamental questions about the weaknesses of this legal system and…

In September 2020, the General Court of the European Union (GCEU) examined whether the 2019 admission of Kosovo as a ‘third country’ to the EU Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) amounted to recognition by the EU of Kosovo as an independent State. The case was brought by Spain, a non-recogniser of Kosovo,…