In January 2021, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) issued its long-awaited judgment in Georgia v Russia (II) related to the armed conflict that took place between Georgia and Russia in August 2008, and the continued Russian presence in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. A contentious aspect of the Court’s judgment concerned…

 Only three months after Russia’s full-scale invasion, Ukrainian courts delivered the first convictions for war crimes committed by Russian soldiers in Ukraine since February 2022. In May, a Russian soldier was sentenced to life imprisonment for killing a civilian in Sumy Region. The conviction of two more soldiers of indiscriminate attacks on…

In an increasing number of cases, the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’, ‘the Court’) has been dealing with the question of the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’, ‘Convention’) on territories which are outside the control of the state to which they belong. Such lack of control is either because of the occupation by…