John Dugard is Emeritus Professor of International Law at the University of Leiden and Honorary Professor in the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria. He served as a member of the International Law Commission from 1997–2011 and as UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory from 2001–2008. He has also served as judge ad hoc on the International Court of Justice. John Reynolds is the EJ Phelan Fellow in International Law at the National University of Ireland, Galway.