The United States has used air bases located in third states in the armed conflict with Iran that began on 28 February 2026. Yet, the action of the United States in Iran may be qualified as aggression, given that neither the conditions of self-defense nor an authorization by the Security Council appear to be…

The topic of immunities is one of those topics provoking heated debates among international law scholars. While immunities ratione personae (personal immunities) seem to be widely accepted even for charges of international crimes (for another view, see here and here), the acceptance of immunities ratione materiae (functional immunities) seems to be more debatable, especially…