Back to the Pre-Lisbon era? Why the Provisional Application of the EU-Mercosur Agreement is so Controversial

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Alexandre Lejeune is a PhD researcher in EU and international economic law at the European University Institute, Florence, working under the supervision of Professor Sergio Puig de la Parra. He studies the enforcement of EU bilateral trade agreements from an empirical perspective.

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Back to the Pre-Lisbon era? Why the Provisional Application of the EU-Mercosur Agreement is so Controversial

February 23, 2026

Alexandre Lejeune

On 17 January 2026, the EU and Mercosur signed an ambitious trade and cooperation package composed of two instruments: a Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and an Interim Trade Agreement (iTA). After more than 20 years of negotiations, this deal has been praised as a major stepping stone for extending the EU’s economic and geopolitical influence worldwide, particularly in…