In August 2022, I co-authored a post on the English case of Al-Masarir v. Saudi Arabia [2022] EWHC 2199, where Knowles J held that Saudi Arabia…

On 31 October 2025, the International Criminal Court (Court) confirmed reports that it is replacing its Microsoft Office Suite with openDesk– open-source software (OSS) developed by Germany’s…

In June 2017, the Danish shipping giant Maersk faced a monumental crisis that highlighted both the fragility of modern digital infrastructure and the centrality of information technology to…

Since 2013, States have repeatedly reaffirmed in multilateral institutions that the principle of sovereignty applies in cyberspace, and in particular that “in their use of ICTs, States must…

Introduction June 8 marks the entry into force of African Union’s Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection also known as Malabo…

The rush to judgment can be deceptive. A recent contribution to these pages cautions us against making instant assumptions of fact and law when considering Russia’s recognition…

In June 2021 during the Biden-Putin summit, President Biden stated that critical infrastructure should be “off-limits” to cyber-attacks and handed over a list of 16 areas…

On 2 March 2020 Paul Ney, General Counsel to the US Department of Defense (DoD), gave a speech at the US Cyber Command Legal Conference setting out…

Introduction In recent years we have witnessed persistent attempts to interfere in elections by using cyber means. Russia’s cyber interference in the 2016 US presidential…

While the failure of cyber security negotiations under the auspices of the UN GGE has created a huge void in international regulation, recent cyber-attacks with global reach have…