The war in the Middle East has plunged the world into yet another crisis. Days are paced by minute-by-minute updates: at first, tragic reports of civilian deaths and…

Within ongoing great-power competition in the global economy, “critical” minerals have assumed considerable significance due to their essential role in the advanced technology, defence and green industries,…

On 24 April 2025, the White House issued an Executive Order (“Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources”) directing the Administrator of the US National Oceanic and…

The global demand for critical minerals has intensified as part of the clean energy transition in line with goals outlined in the Paris Agreement. The…