Recent efforts by the United States to interdict Iranian oil shipments in distant waters have extended well beyond the Persian Gulf. These operations have included the interception…

The Legal Novelty of the Proposal  International commentary on the Strait of Hormuz crisis has focused, understandably, on the lawfulness of Iran’s closure. The more legally significant…

This post assesses the legality of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz from the perspective of the law of armed conflict at sea. In the context of…

In January 2009, Israel imposed a far-reaching naval blockade after attempts by the Free Gaza Movement to enter the closed Gaza Strip by sea. While international lawyers…